Dipolar anomalies in the CMB power spectrum (e.g., the "Axis of Evil"),
Asymmetries in the hemispheric distribution of galaxy clustering and radio source counts,
Alignment of low multipole moments in CMB (quadrupole--octupole correlation),
Anisotropic expansion rates in Type Ia supernova datasets.
These anomalies are difficult to reconcile with a statistically isotropic Gaussian random field and suggest the presence of underlying geometric or topological inhomogeneities---possibly encoded in deeper informational layers or multiverse-induced asymmetries.
Early Formation of Massive Galaxies
High-redshift observations from JWST and previous deep-field surveys (e.g., HST) have revealed the presence of mature, massive galaxies at redshifts z>10z > 10, only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. These include:
Quiescent galaxies with stellar masses >1010M>10^{10} M_\odot,
Disks and bulges with established morphological features,
Strongly evolved stellar populations with low specific star formation rates.
These findings contradict hierarchical structure formation models under CDM, which predict a slower buildup of mass and morphology. They also challenge the efficiency of baryonic cooling and star formation in the early universe. The data imply an early information-rich condition capable of guiding rapid structure emergence, hinting at deeper initial conditions than inflationary perturbations alone can explain.
Large-Scale Anomalies in the CMB
The CMB---our most precise window into early cosmology---exhibits several unexplained features that deviate from CDM expectations:
Suppressed power at low multipoles (<30\ell < 30),
Unexplained cold spots (e.g., the WMAP and Planck cold spot at ~5),
Hemispherical power asymmetry not accounted for by cosmic variance,
Non-Gaussian signatures potentially indicative of pre-inflationary relics or large-scale topology.
These anomalies are not merely statistical flukes; several persist across multiple datasets (WMAP, Planck) and are robust under different masking techniques and foreground subtraction algorithms. Their persistence suggests a need for a cosmological model capable of encoding non-linear, scale-dependent, and potentially fractal information structures beyond the linear Gaussian framework.
Synthesis and Motivation
Taken together, these four classes of observations (Hubble tension, anisotropy, early galaxy formation, and large-scale anomalies) indicate a potential crisis in cosmology---not necessarily of data quality, but of theoretical foundations. These observations motivate the formulation of a new cosmological paradigm that:
Relaxes assumptions of metric homogeneity and isotropy,
Embeds spacetime within a deeper informational substrate,
Encodes early structure as emergent from complex multiscale topology, and
Allows for a non-singular genesis of the universe through probabilistic, layer-based dynamics.
These are the foundational motivations for the framework we develop in this paper---namely, the Blink Universe, Multilayer Multiverse, and Fractal Universe---which together constitute a novel informational cosmology.
I.2. Alternative Proposals in Literature
