1. Topological Boundaries
UBH Models:
Typically posit a one-way boundary condition: the black hole event horizon in a parent universe acts as a causal cutoff beyond which information cannot propagate outward.
The interior "baby universe" often features a bounce or "white hole" scenario, bounded by spacelike surfaces with undefined or ambiguous topology.
BMF Framework:
Proposes multilayered topological nesting with bidirectional interaction across layers via topological interference fields (Sec. III.4).
Boundaries are not fixed but dynamically connected through quantum field boundary conditions, enabling subtle exchange (e.g., phase interference, causal imprinting) between layers.
Contrast:
UBH imposes a strict topological disconnection between the parent and the internal universe; BMF allows for structured partial connectivity across spacetime layers.
BMF's topological layers can exist without event horizons, reducing reliance on GR singularities and enabling continuous geometrodynamic evolution.
2. Causal Constraints and Global Time
UBH Models:
Suffer from ambiguities in global time ordering, as causal structure inside a black hole may not be compatible with external cosmological time.
Often rely on conformal cyclicity or speculative quantum gravity effects to restore causality.
BMF Framework:
Maintains a layer-relative proper time while preserving global synchronization through the interference term interfei(x)d4x\Phi_{\text{interf}} \sim \int e^{i\theta(x)} d^4x, which acts as a topological coupling field across causal patches.
Quantum Blink Genesis introduces a well-defined tunneling transition with finite action and coherent initial conditions, avoiding acausal singularities.
Contrast:
UBH's temporal structure is typically hidden behind horizons and non-observable; BMF predicts observable layer-dependent temporal effects, such as local variations in Hubble flow and structure formation epochs.
3. Observational Predictions and Testability
UBH Models:
Offer limited predictive power due to the non-visibility of the parent universe and the difficulty of detecting horizon-scale quantum effects.
Generally compatible with standard CDM at observable scales, hence often non-falsifiable.
BMF Framework:
