Provides distinct observational signatures across redshifts, scales, and modalities (Sec. V.3), including:
Early massive galaxies,
Layer-induced anisotropic voids,
Spin alignment and fractal clustering deviations.
Contrast:
UBH models are often conceptually elegant but observationally sterile.
BMF is explicitly designed for falsifiability, with clear links to JWST, Euclid, and SKA measurements, offering precision cosmology tests.
4. Entropy and Initial Conditions
UBH Models:
Suggest that black holes may reset entropy and generate low-entropy initial conditions for internal universes via gravitational collapse.
However, entropy accounting across horizons remains speculative and problematic.
BMF Framework:
Derives low-entropy initial conditions from non-singular quantum blink tunneling, where the tunneling action integral inherently selects minimum-action configurations.
The fractal universe aspect also enables non-thermal, scale-free distributions, naturally avoiding thermalized high-entropy chaos.
Contrast:
UBH requires entropy suppression mechanisms that may violate thermodynamic intuitions.
BMF achieves entropy control dynamically via geometric and quantum selection principles without appealing to hidden horizons.
Summary Table: BMF vs. UBH Models
While both UBH and BMF models aim to circumvent the limitations of CDM and singular inflationary cosmology, the Blink-Multilayer-Fractal approach offers a more observationally grounded and causally consistent framework. By eschewing unobservable horizons and singularities, and replacing them with dynamical fractal topologies and tunneling genesis, the BMF framework paves the way for a testable and geometrically elegant cosmological alternative.
VI.2. Theoretical Strengths and Physical Robustness
The proposed Blink--Multilayer--Fractal (BMF) cosmological framework is not merely an assemblage of speculative elements; it is constructed upon a physically motivated, mathematically tractable, and observationally responsive structure. This section elaborates the internal coherence and robustness of the framework across three major dimensions:
1. Elimination of Singularities: From Pathologies to Tunneling Coherency
