The fractal-influenced angular momentum bias implies that galaxies within certain cosmic volumes will display statistically significant alignment of their spin vectors.
Observable via:
Polarization and Faraday rotation maps (SKA),
Kinematic morphology studies through galaxy redshift surveys (Euclid spectroscopic component).
Expected deviation:
Large-scale correlated spin directions extending beyond CDM correlation length (~10 Mpc),
Possible spin--void alignment patterns where galaxy spin axes align tangentially or radially with large-scale structures---violating random spin orientation hypotheses.
4. Gravitational Lensing Anomalies and Fractal Clustering Effects
Instruments: Euclid, SKA
Fractal clustering leads to non-Gaussian weak lensing shear fields due to nested overdensities and underdensities that diverge from Gaussian field assumptions.
Observable via:
Weak lensing maps (Euclid),
21cm lensing tomography (SKA).
Expected deviation:
Excess kurtosis or skewness in shear statistics,
Lensing power spectrum residuals on intermediate angular scales (few arcminutes) compared to CDM predictions.
5. Layer-Dependent BAO and LSS Features
Instruments: Euclid, SKA
The multilayer architecture predicts that baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak positions and matter power spectrum amplitudes may vary non-monotonically with redshift due to local layer overlap effects.
Observable via:
Redshift-dependent BAO measurement (Euclid),
21cm power spectrum evolution (SKA during dark ages and reionization epochs).
Expected deviation:
Slight redshift-dependent shifts in BAO scales,
Anomalies in the matter power spectrum turnover point or slope when compared across layers.
6. Topological Phase Effects in 21cm Background Correlations
Instruments: SKA (LOW and MID arrays)
Cross-layer quantum interference (Sec. III.4) introduces topological phase shifts in the early intergalactic medium (IGM), potentially modulating 21cm brightness temperature fluctuations.
Observable via:
High-redshift global 21cm signal evolution (SKA-LOW),
Fluctuation power spectra and cross-correlations between different redshift slices.
Expected deviation:
Slight non-periodic modulations in the 21cm absorption/emission profile,
Cross-redshift correlations exceeding those expected from standard linear perturbation growth.
Summary Table of Predictions and Observables
This unified framework provides a rich landscape of testable deviations from CDM. Crucially, these signatures span a broad redshift range, from reionization (z1020z \sim 10 - 20) to present-day large-scale structure, and intersect with multiple independent observables: morphology, kinematics, lensing, and spectral signatures. The convergence of JWST, Euclid, and SKA thus offers an unprecedented opportunity to validate---or falsify---this alternative cosmological model.
VI. Discussion
VI.1. Comparison with Universe-in-Black-Hole Models
Alternative cosmological proposals have long attempted to resolve singularity problems, entropy paradoxes, and horizon issues by postulating that our universe may reside inside a black hole, either as the interior of a parent universe's gravitational collapse or as a nested structure within a higher-dimensional spacetime. This section compares our Blink-Multilayer-Fractal (BMF) cosmological framework with universe-in-black-hole (UBH) models, particularly in terms of topological boundaries, causal constraints, and observational predictions.
