Aligns with ideas from brane-world models, loop quantum gravity, and holographic cosmology, where our universe is a "leaf" or "slice" in a larger geometric ensemble.
6.3 Philosophical and Thermodynamic Consistency
Cosmological models must also answer to principles of thermodynamics and causality. The Einstein--Cartan--Bianchi IX model supports such principles naturally:
Avoidance of Singularities
Due to spin-induced torsion, the model avoids the initial Big Bang singularity. At high densities, the spin--spin interaction becomes repulsive, halting collapse and yielding a minimum non-zero scale factor---a cosmic bounce.
Entropy and Directionality
Global rotation, when coupled with expansion, offers a natural arrow of time:
The vorticity--expansion duality implies an initial non-equilibrium state with high shear and spin, relaxing toward isotropy and entropy maximization.
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Torsion acts as a thermodynamic gradient, transferring angular momentum from small-scale spin to large-scale structure.
Machian and Relational Viewpoint
A rotating universe supports a relational view of inertia, aligning with Mach's Principle:
