Together, these allow for a coherent explanation of:
The Hubble tension, as different observers reside in different geometric layers with distinct local expansion histories;
CMB low-\ell anomalies, arising from large-scale topological interference;
Early galaxy formation, enabled by fractal vacuum structures enhancing early clustering without inflation.
This approach does not negate general relativity or quantum field theory but reframes them as effective theories on emergent spacetimes governed by deeper structural rules.
II. Theoretical Foundations
A. Holographic Cosmology: Boundary-Layer Paradigm Inspired by AdS/CFT
The holographic principle postulates that all information contained within a spatial volume can be described by degrees of freedom residing on its boundary. Initially developed in the context of black hole thermodynamics and later formalized through the AdS/CFT correspondence, this principle has far-reaching implications for cosmology.
While the original AdS/CFT duality relates a (d+1)-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) bulk spacetime to a d-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) living on its boundary, extensions to cosmology have sought analogous relationships for spacetimes with positive curvature or evolving geometry---such as de Sitter (dS) or Friedmann-Lematre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universes.
1. Holographic Encoding in Cosmological Settings
Holographic cosmology proposes that the observed large-scale Universe may be an emergent projection from a more fundamental quantum boundary structure. Rather than the entire cosmological evolution being dictated by bulk field equations, the initial conditions, vacuum structure, and even geometry of the Universe could be emergent from the information encoded on nested or dynamic boundary layers.
