A. Comparison with Black Hole Universe Models and Bouncing Cosmologies
1. Black Hole Universe Models: A Brief Contextualization
The idea that our observable universe could be the interior of a black hole embedded in a higher-dimensional parent universe has a long speculative history, gaining structure through:
Schwarzschild cosmology proposals, in which the universe is the interior of a black hole with an event horizon acting as a cosmological boundary (e.g., Pathria 1972),
Holographic black hole cosmologies, wherein the Big Bang corresponds to a white hole-like surface on the interior of a higher-dimensional black hole (e.g., Dzhunushaliev et al., 2013; Popawski, 2010),
Recent entropic gravity and causal set theories, proposing black hole microstates as seeds for cosmological expansion (Verlinde, 2016).
These models typically attempt to resolve the singularity problem and offer geometric embedding of our spacetime within a more complete, boundary-structured system.
2. Similarities with the Proposed Fractal-Layered Topology
Our model shares several conceptual overlaps with black hole universe ideas, especially:
The notion of a bounded causal domain that grows through non-trivial geometric processes,
The existence of reflective or semi-permeable boundaries, reminiscent of black hole event horizons or transition hypersurfaces,
The embedding of observable cosmic behavior within a higher-order structure --- though not necessarily in extra dimensions, but via internal topological layering.
In both frameworks, holography plays a foundational role:
In black hole cosmologies: information and dynamics are preserved on the event horizon.
In this paper: holography emerges from interlayer interactions and entropic coupling across boundaries.
3. Distinctions: Causality, Dynamics, and Testability
While black hole universe models face challenges in making falsifiable predictions, our model produces distinct observational signatures through:
Fractal power spectra,
Geodesic echo effects,
Anisotropic H0H_0 fields,
Spin alignments traceable to torque memory.
4. Bouncing Cosmologies: Replacing the Big Bang
Bouncing models propose that the universe undergoes cyclic phases of contraction and expansion, avoiding the initial singularity. Key examples include:
