References
1. Introduction
Motivation: Tensions in CDM and Anomalies in JWST Data
The CDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter) model has long served as the prevailing cosmological paradigm, offering a framework that unifies cosmic inflation, dark energy (), and the hierarchical formation of structures under cold dark matter dynamics. Despite its empirical successes---such as fitting the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum and accounting for large-scale structure statistics---CDM has encountered growing tensions from recent high-precision astronomical observations.
Notably, data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed the existence of massive, evolved galaxies at redshifts ---a cosmic era when, according to CDM predictions, galaxies should still be in their formative stages. These galaxies exhibit stellar mass, metallicity, and morphological regularity inconsistent with the expected hierarchical buildup from small-scale gravitational collapse. Such anomalies provoke fundamental questions: Has the standard model overestimated the time required for structure formation? Or does the universe encode a different initial architecture altogether?
Overview of the Fine-Tuning Problem and the Limits of Inflation
Parallel to these observational anomalies lies the unresolved fine-tuning problem. The standard model depends critically on an improbable set of initial conditions and physical constants. The cosmological constant (), gravitational constant (G), and the strengths of the fundamental forces must fall within an extremely narrow range for life---and indeed for stable structures---to exist. Furthermore, the relative densities of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter appear finely balanced to yield a flat, expanding, yet structure-rich universe.
Cosmic inflation was originally proposed to alleviate some of these issues, such as the horizon and flatness problems. However, inflation itself requires a delicate choice of initial conditions and an inflaton potential that must be tuned to produce the observed amplitude of primordial fluctuations. Moreover, inflation generically predicts an ensemble of universes (multiverse), which shifts the fine-tuning problem to a broader landscape without offering predictive specificity.
Statement of Hypothesis: Resonant Genesis and Printed Spacetime
In light of these theoretical and empirical tensions, we propose an alternative framework: the Resonant Genesis Hypothesis (RGH). This hypothesis suggests that the early universe was not a chaotic quantum foam smoothed by inflation but a coherently organized resonant system. Under RGH, spacetime itself acts as a resonant medium, imprinted from the outset with standing-wave patterns---analogous to Chladni figures or harmonic cavities---that seed cosmic structure.
This "printed spacetime" view reframes the cosmos not as a tabula rasa shaped solely by stochastic quantum fluctuations, but as a geometrically and dynamically ordered system, where structures emerge from intrinsic spacetime harmonics and boundary conditions. Rather than requiring prolonged gravitational coalescence, the observed coherence and maturity of high-redshift galaxies are reinterpreted as manifestations of initial resonant eigenmodes---structures formed not through time, but through scale and resonance.
