Sejarah Manajemen Operasional

placing the right worker in the right place;

providing adequate training;

providing appropriate work methods and tools;

implementing an incentive/reward system for job completion.

In 1913, Henry Ford and Charles Sorensen combined the knowledge of standardized components with the assembly line, borrowing from the meatpacking process and the mail-order industry. In addition, they added a new concept to the assembly line: the workers stand still while the material moves.

Quality control also played a major role in the history of operations management. Walter Shewhart (1924) combined his statistical knowledge with the need for quality control and established the foundations of statistical calculation and sampling to control quality.

W. Edwards Deming and Frederick Taylor (1950) argued that management should do more to improve the work environment and processes to achieve better quality.

The importance of operational management in this period became increasingly evident because companies that successfully adopted new technology and implemented efficient management practices were more likely to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing economic climate. Thus, the beginning of the 19th century was an important starting point in the development of operational management as a response to the dramatic changes in manufacturing triggered by the Industrial Revolution.

The three main periods in the history of operational management are the Industrial Revolution era (late 18th to early 20th century), the Scientific Management era (early 20th century), and the modern era (post-World War II to the present), which includes approaches such as total quality management, lean manufacturing, and the digital revolution.

• The Industrial Revolution Era (Late 18th to Early 20th Century): Characterized by the shift from home production to large factories due to technological innovations such as the steam engine. The main focus was on increasing the scale of production and basic efficiency through labor specialization.

• The Scientific Management Era (Early 20th Century): Developed by figures such as Frederick Winslow Taylor, this period focused on applying scientific methods to analyze and solve operational problems. The main concepts were work standardization, scientific measurement, and employee training to improve efficiency.

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