Khususnya dalam sains, kita sering mencoba mereduksi hal-hal individual menjadi lebih alami dan logis, untuk memasukkan banyak hal menjadi satu. Secara filosofis kita dapat mengambil pendekatan top-down "All is One" (Parmenides) dan tiba di Monism atau mengambil pendekatan bottom-up dengan memegang  "unit menyusun seluruh realitas" (Pythagoras) dan tiba di Pluralisme . Tetapi masalah yang tersisa adalah sebagai berikut: Dapatkah segalanya - kumpulan semua hal di dunia - dianggap satu atau banyak hal?
Daftar Pustaka:
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Greene, Brian. (2011). The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos. Vintage Books, New York.
Hawking, Stephen. (2001). The Illustrated A Brief History of Time: Updated and Expanded Edition. Bantam Dell. New York.
Hilbert, David. (1925). "On the Infinite," in Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings, Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam (eds.), Prentice-Hall, Inc
Leibniz, Gottfried. (1702). "Letter to Varignon, with a note on the 'Justification of the Infinitesimal Calculus by that of Ordinary Algebra,'" In Leibniz Philosophical Papers and Letters. translated by Leroy E. Loemkr (ed.). D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 1969.
Mill, John Stuart. (1843). A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive. Reprinted in J. M. Robson, ed., Collected Works, volumes 7 and 8. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973.
Shapiro, Stewart. (2001). "Systems between First-Order and Second-Order Logics," in D. M. Gabbay and F. Guenthner (eds.),
