Fact, Data, and Information : Fundamentals Pillars in The Digital Era

Nevertheless, not all information we receive can be considered of high quality. The quality of information is determined by several key factors. First, information must be accurate, meaning it must be truthful and consistent with the underlying facts. Second, information must be relevant, aligning with the needs and problems at hand. Third, information must be timely, as delayed information often loses its utility. Moreover, information should also be complete, leaving out no essential details. In today's era of social media---rife with misinformation and hoaxes---ensuring the quality of information becomes even more critical. False information is not only useless but can also be misleading, harmful, and even dangerous for society at large.

5. The Importance of Understanding the Relationship Between Facts, Data, and Information

Looking deeper, the relationship between facts, data, and information can be likened to an interconnected chain. Valid facts produce accurate data, which are then processed into relevant and meaningful information. If one of these links is broken---for example, if the facts are incorrect or the data inaccurately recorded---the resulting information will inevitably be flawed. Thus, a thorough understanding of these three concepts is essential, not only for the general public but also for professionals across various fields. A journalist, for instance, must ensure the accuracy of facts before reporting them as news. A manager must assess whether sales data are valid before using them to shape business strategies. Even students must remain critical in interpreting research reports to avoid being misled by biased data.

Conclusion

Ultimately, facts, data, and information are not merely technical terms in the field of information systems but essential elements of everyday life. From simple decisions, such as determining when to leave home to avoid being late, to major policy-making at the governmental level, everything depends on the quality of information available. Understanding how facts give rise to data, and how data are processed into information, enables us to become more critical and discerning in navigating the flow of digitalization. With critical thinking and sound understanding, we can avoid manipulation, make wiser choices, and contribute to decisions that are smarter, more precise, and beneficial both personally and socially.

This article is an excerpt from the teaching module for Educational Management Information Systems Course by Lecturer Prof. Dr. A. Rusdiana, M.M.