Understanding Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodology and Techniques Comprehensively

UNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES COMPREHENSIVELY

Shalsa Bela Mutmainah Sadiah/Islamic Education Management Student/Semester 5-D/Management Research Methods/Lecturer Prof. Dr. H. A. Rusdiana, M.M./UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung.

The phenomenon of scientific development requires systematic research to understand social and scientific realities objectively. The assumption is that every phenomenon can be explained through an appropriate scientific approach, whether quantitative or qualitative. However, a common problem is researchers' lack of understanding in determining the appropriate methods, instruments, and analysis techniques, resulting in less valid research results. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies so that researchers are able to design systematic, valid, and relevant research on the issues being studied.

First, Scientific research requires a paradigm that forms the basis for collecting and analyzing data. Quantitative data takes the form of numbers that can be processed statistically, while qualitative data takes the form of narratives that provide deep meaning to phenomena. Research variables include independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating variables. In addition, measurement scales such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio are used to classify data. The validity of research results is maintained through validity and reliability tests to ensure that the instruments accurately measure what is intended and are consistent.

Second, The population is the entire object of research, while the sample is a part of the population selected for analysis. Sampling techniques can be probabilistic or non-probabilistic. Research instruments such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations are important tools for obtaining data. Instrument testing is carried out to ensure content validity, so that the instruments are truly relevant to the research objectives and can produce accurate and reliable data.

Third, Quantitative data collection uses methods such as questionnaires, tests, and documentation, while qualitative research uses in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Data accuracy is maintained through triangulation, enumerator training, and systematic documentation. Data collection ethics must also be considered, including respondent consent, confidentiality of information, transparency of research objectives, and avoidance of manipulation. This is important to maintain scientific integrity and honesty.

Fourth, The final stage of the research is data analysis, which aims to understand the relationships and influences between variables. Correlation analysis is used to examine the strength and direction of relationships between variables, while influence analysis measures the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. Through quantitative and qualitative approaches, researchers can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon being studied and produce scientific and accountable conclusions.I
t can be concluded that quantitative and qualitative research methodologies and techniques play an important role in producing valid and reliable data. Through an understanding of data, variables, populations, samples, and data collection instruments, researchers can obtain accurate information. Research ethics and validity testing are fundamental in maintaining the validity of research results. Through correlation and influence analysis, research is able to reveal the relationship between variables scientifically, thereby producing findings that are relevant, objective, and useful for the development of science.
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*) This article is a review of part 6 of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodology and Techniques from the teaching materials for the Management Research Methods course taught by Prof. H. A Rusdiana, M.M (https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/121673/).

Sumber: Curriculum Vitae