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The Roles of Village Cooperatives in Improving the Welfare of Rural Communities

21 April 2018   22:32 Diperbarui: 24 April 2018   15:42 911
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In this global era, the cooperatives existence as the backbone of the economy in Indonesia is beginning to be marginalized by the capitalist economic system. As a business organization, cooperative is defined as a business in which customers play a role as businessmen also (Ropke, as cited in Riswan, Suyono, and Eko 2017).

In Indonesia, the cooperatives are based on kinship which the members do the business together in practice. The capital of cooperatives is from the deposit that paid by each member in every month.Each member is entitled to borrow business funds to the cooperative so they are able to develop their own business.

Here, a cooperative plays an important role, especially for rural communities who need capital to meet their basic needs. Therefore this essay will explain the roles of village cooperatives in improving people's welfare as well as the obstacles. 

In general, cooperatives function in Indonesia is written in The Law of Republic Indonesia No. 12 the year 1967, where explains four functions of cooperation. First, cooperation function as the tool of economic struggle to enhance the welfare of the people.

The purpose of the economic struggle is that the cooperative existence can help the community to meet their needs through economic activities undertaken by the cooperative, which can improve the economic condition of the community which then impacts on the increase of their welfare.

Second, cooperative function as a tool of national economic democratization. cooperatives are said as a tool of democracy because the structure of cooperatives is considered as a populist economic activity and in accordance with the business entities that are expected in article 33 of the 1945 Constitution.

The third is the cooperative's application serves as one of the artery of the economy in Indonesia. This point is the basis of the plan of the new order government in realizing the cooperative as a pillar of the economy in Indonesia. A large appreciation of the   1945 Constitution in that era made cooperatives continue to be developed to realize the economy as listed in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution.

Fourth, cooperation plays a role as community development tool to strengthen the economic position of the Indonesian nation and a tool of unity in preparing the economic management of society. These four functions are the background of Villages Unit Cooperative (VUC) establishment at the beginning of the reign of the New Order, which became the VUC as what we see today.

Villages Unit Cooperative emerged to replace The Villages Unit Enterprise (VUE), where the change was stipulated by presidential instruction No. 4 the year 1978. VUC is a type of cooperative that generally in a district which manages several businesses consisting of villagers (Riswan, Suyono, and Eko 2017).

As one type of cooperative, the VUC has the same function as the cooperative function in general.The difference is in the particular function of VUC, that is as an economic medium to support the economy of the villagers.

The specific function of Villages Cooperatives is described by Patil (1960) which said if villages cooperative should be multifunctional and should include financial savings, provision of credit, supplies for agricultural production, consumer requirements and marketing the product. The essence of the VUC is to help the village's community, therefore it is very important for the rural community to improve their welfare.

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