The Thoughts of Muhammad Abduh and Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Abduh's method of renewal.

In making improvements Muhammad Abduh saw that an improvement did not always come through revolution or similar means. As with anything changed quickly and drastically. But it is also done through improving the method of thought in muslims. Through education, learning, and moral improvement. Also with the formation of a cultured and thinking society that can make renewal in its religion. So that Will create a sense of security and determination in carrying out Islam. Muhammad Abduh considered that His method would require a longer and more complicated time. However, the impact of improvement is greater than through politics and massive changes in realizing an awakening and progress. The renewal of thought by Muhammad Abduh is not just a rejection individually or globally of existing, previous thinking. The renewal is also not only a maintenance of three existing thoughts. However, the refroms he understakes are efforts to improve, develop, and make the essence of existing thoughts to fit the demand of the times. 

Muhammad Iqbal thoughts appear in terms of thing like the following. First, he combines Kalam, science, Sufism, philosophy, social science and literature in His thinking as a framework for understanding islamic teachings. Than he uses a broad perspective, which distinguishes from other muslim thinkers who a mostly partial and only emphasize certain aspects. Secondly, in understanding the condition of muslims and development of their thinking, it does not separate philosophy and theology from the socio-cultural problems faced by muslims. This Made him a broad minded philosopher and culture. Third, His mist briliant thoughts are mostly expressed in beautiful and evocative poetry, placibg him as the great Asian philosopher of the 20th Century. Fouth, he argues that spiritual salvation and political liberation of muslims can only be realized by improving the lot of muslims in their social, political, economic and cultural lives. As a mature statesman, His views on external threats are very Sharp. For Iqbal, western culture is a culture of imperealism, materialism, anti spiritual and far from human norma. Therefore he strongly opposed the bed influence of western culture. He belives that the most important factor for reform in man is His identity.