Democratic degradation () and system stability () demonstrate non-linear, path-dependent behavior.
Numerical simulations reveal bifurcation thresholds: small changes in or can precipitate shifts toward authoritarian consolidation or anarchic unrest.
Moderate scenarios exhibit oscillatory instability, highlighting critical intervention points.
4. Empirical Alignment
Simulation results mirror observed patterns in Indonesian elections and public protests, including:
Widespread acceptance of vote buying.
Legislative arrogance and unfulfilled promises.
Civic mobilization in response to perceived injustice.
These correspondences validate TDD as a predictive and explanatory framework for real-world political dynamics.
5. Theoretical Contribution
TDD integrates five theoretical perspectives---social exchange, labeling, cognitive dissonance, alienation, and symbolic domination---within a formalized, mathematically tractable model.
