The Epistemology of Maqbul Hadith by Al-Ghazaly

Ilmu Hadist 

Ushuluddin Adab dan Humaniora

Universitas Islam Negeri Kh.Ahmad Siddiq Jember

Nama : Abdul Ghoni Hasanul Islam (211104020006)

Nama : Halimatus Sa'diyah (211104020001)

Nama : Rivaldi Ibrahim (211104020004)

Abstract: This study is a qualitative research method that questions and presents the epistemology of hadith Maqbul Al-Ghazaly. In addition, the analytical method used in this study is the descriptive method, and the method used is the mustalah al hadith method. This study is expected to provide information and information to the muslims about the maqbuls that use AlGhazaly, and the result of this study is that the maqbuls included in AlGhazaly's mind are the modified scarabs, ahad scarabs, authentic scarabs and scarabs added. that he just found everyone. Introduction 

Islam is one of the good religions and has the perfect moral lesson to regain all aspects of human life through relationships with God, others and nature. Retile Islam is also known as Sharia. It was written in the Quran and taken from a chosen prophet. The Quran is called Retil, but it is still global and you need to agree with Allah. Therefore, the Prophet Muhammad is the Koran. Artinya, dia berpegang teguh pada Sunnah danhadits. Dalam semua hadits Sunnah atau Nabi Muhammad, ada sesuatu yang tidak lepas dari AlQur'an. As Allah's words. "You believe. Obey Allah and obey the apostles and those in you. If you discuss something, if you believe in Allah and the last days, look at Allah and the apostles. Turn it on. It's better, and in the end it's very good. "[QSAnNisa`: 59]. Obeying Allah by defending the Koran while defending Rasul by defending the Sunnah and Hadith [Ibn Kasir: I: 1994: 641] is said or designated, and is the Prophet of Muhammad as Allah's words. It is concrete to follow. "And accept whatever the messenger gives you from everything he forbids you to withhold. [QS. AlHasyr: 7]. Preserving the Hadith Resources of the Prophet Muhammad The second Ayat above to instruct people to do. To exest of Hadith is one believeness compulsory we take and we keep. Groups to believe do not need keeping famous hadith with terms destroy assunnah mean destroy the second ayat above is a mistake and not good.[MUI: Himpunan Fatwa:2015:25]. Not all hadiths are considered legal, but all Morselem scholars agree that hadith is the second source of law, according to the Qur'an. The hadiths in the book are taken into account when classifying them as global hadiths to maqbul (accepted) and mardud hadiths (rejected). Other hadiths are accepted as law and there are two hadith Sahih and Hadith Hasan .While reading Hadith Madd (rejection), "Then. Maqbul Hadith is a hadith that only Sahih Hadith and Hasan Hadith can enact, according to Islamic scholars, and Daif Hadith is a matter of law. Job interviews too. This study describes McBull's hadith about whether hadith can be legislated in Algazary. Algazary, his full name is Abuhamidumhammad Ibnmuhammad Algazary. (450505H). Al Ghazaly was a beginner in the VH century. As explained in AzZabidi [AzZabdy: I: 1989: 35]. He was a philosophical Muslim and a member of Tasauf who was familiar with the Islamic world. He is famous for writing the book "Ihya Ulumad Din" written in Baghdad around 11051107 AD. However, upon further investigation, Imam Argazary is not only a philosopher and mysterious, but also a Mujtahid and legal scholar. (Fiqh Expert) [Ahmad Farid Rifai: 1936: 81] He describes the results of his Ijtihad in books dealing with Fiq such as Alwasit Fi Almazaf and Icha Rum Addin. However, when asked, it turned out that the two books had many diff hadiths or weak hadiths. While his book always has 70 diff hadiths for Almazab, Ichaulm Addin has 23 diff hadiths and 8 modes. Hadiths (fake hadiths), on the other hand, believe that Islamic law scholars cannot become hadith or musicahid. Hadiths can be made as a law, it must be a hadith or hadith. Against this background, the author believes that it is necessary to study what the McBull hadith theory really is (hadith accepted as a law). According to Al Ghazali. This study, conducted, can provide Islamic law observers and energetic people with contributions and information to understand the McBull hadith theory actually used by Algazary.

Methodology 

and data sources. accepted and promulgated in laws and regulations [Busrowi and Kelvin: 2008:20. One of the methods used in this study is the descriptive method, which is the method of theoretical representation used by AlGhazaly. used to determine which hash function can be split and then the data using a content analysis technique [Moh Nazir: 1988:63], which first analyzes all the data provided. by the details of the source. Whatever method the researcher used, the Mustalah al-Hadist method and the prescription (constitutional) method to identify antiperspirants used by most pregnant women. This study is a standard study, so Al-Ghazaly's books are al-Mankhul min ta Liqatal Usul, al-Mustafa min `Ilml alusul, al Wasit fy al-Mazhab and Ihya,, Ulum adDin are books of Al-Ghazaly 

 al-Mankhul min ta Liqatal Usul. . In addition to 

 books, it also allows you to search for books written by clerics in the town hall about regulations, hadith maqbul is a criterion to determine that a hadith can be accepted and converted into law, such as the detox doctor Taisir Mustalah 

 Mahmud in Tahan, Tadrib ar Rawy of AsSuyuty, Ulumul Hadith of Dr Nawir Yuslem and 

 others. Author of 

 books as a basic theory to analyze the concept of maqbul hadith developed by AlGhazaly.

Conceptual 

Theoretical framework is absolutely necessary in a research, because in theory, the research will have a clear basis to analyze and clarify which problem to study. Next is the title of the study of hadith maqbul Al Ghazaly theory, in this study the author will provide and focus on the understanding of the hadith maqbul, and the types of hadith maqbul that can be given as a definition means.

Definition of Hadith

Hadith, depending on the language, means the nearest khabar, jadid and qarib. Khabar means new, as a transfer from one person to another. Jadid means new, as opposed to qadim which means fixed. [Majma `al Lugah: 1997: 160]. Qarib means near or still in progress. The meaning of the term hadith in the book of Dr. Mahmud of Tahan is: "Everything is entrusted to the Prophet Muhammad, whether word, deed, word or fixed attitude. [Mahmud AtTahan: 1979:14] was spoken by Prophet Muhammad SAW to any purpose, situation and condition. 

 a) The Fi`ly Hadith narrated by the Prophet Muhammad. 

 b) Hadith Taqriry was silent when the Prophet Muhammad lied to him, said or did to him, or as long as he and the demigod knew. The example of taqriry hadith involves the consent of the Prophet Muhammad SAW with Muaz bin Jabal for ijtihad when he found no evidence of the Quran and the Halhal hadith submitted to him.

Definition of Maqbul 

Hadith Maqbul is isim maf`ul of qabala yaqbalu, maqbul, accepted, agreed. Maqbul against is mardud rejected. And what is symbolized by the maqbul hadith is that the hadith received all the requirements to accept a hadith. While mardud hadith is any hadith that is lost or at least one hadith must be accepted. So what maqbul hadith means recovery of hadith, all the conditions for maqbul hadith can be met as allil law. Menurut sebagian besar ulama, bagian dari maqbul mhost express Dr Mahmud di Tahan adalah hadits sahih lizatihi, sahih ligairihi, hasan, lizatihi, dan hasan ligairihi.

Sahih lizatihi Hadith 

Definition and classification. Sahih as a language against saqim. Whereas, in the hadith sense, sahih is: Hadith to sanad, written by someone else, only dabit get all (qualities) identical up to sanad no syaz no `illat. [Ajjaj alKhatib: 1989: 303] From the above definition it can be understood, this can be a hadith sahih state that has five complete requirements. The five requirements of hadith teachers are as follows: 1) Hadith Sanad should be continued. This means everyone gets hadith directly from different people above, from first sanad to last sanad and Prophet Muhammad is the source of hasist. Hadith is not an indirect audio channel, it cannot be called authentic hadith, like hadith munqati, mu'dal, mu'allaq, mudallas 

 other indirect sanad. 2) Those who told him to be "a pious nation, those who say hadith must be a" pious, Muslim, rational, religious, do nothing materialistic, do nothing disturbing vandalism "uh (proud) So righteousness is its manifestation, uniting some of the muslims, mukallaf and stopping the things made of matter and the causes that can destroy man [ Fathurrahman: 1970: 120] 3) The receiver of the task must be familiar with it, properly execute the received hadith, understand its meaning until it is delivered or he can update the hasiths with errors, award change, etc can change hasiths. Narrator Dabit 

 can be divided into two, namely dabit sadran, which is a powerful ability to memorize and remember, and dabit kitaban in the form of notes or written notes. 4) The books of hadith are not syaz. Syaz means hadith that does not harm people other than siqat (believes in people). 5) Hadith avoids pain. The meaning of illat in hadith, is something unclear or hidden that can spoil the hadith. Sepintas hadits itu shahih, namun jika kita ingin lebih spesifik lagi, kekurangan yang terlihat akan merusak hadits tersebut. Misalnya, hadits munqati (sanadnya rusak) adalah hadits yang diperintahkan sanadnya, atau hadits mauquf adalah hadits marfu dan lainnya. Kelima, syarat di atas menjadi barometer untuk menentukan bahwa hadits tersebut adalah hadits shahih. Jika syarat kelima terpenuhi, maka hadits tersebut dinamakan hadits shahih lizatihi

Hadith Sahih Ligairihi

Hadith Sahih Ligairihi is hasan hadith lizatihi if it is transmitted by other media of the same quality and stronger than it. [Mahmud At Tahan: 1979: 50]. This hadith is called sahih ligarihi hadith, because for him authenticity is not based on sanad, but on a solid chain and in the same position as sanad or stronger than it.

Hadith Hasan Lizatihi 

Depending on the language, hasan is fine. And symbolized by the hasith of hasan according to ibn Hajar when Khabar Ahad was entrusted to his dabit by a pious and perfect man, furthermore ne syaz and illat refer to sahih lizatihi, if the dabit is lower, called hasan lizatihi. [Ibn Hajar Al Asqalany: 1984: 52]. 

 With this definition we can know that hadith hasan lizatihi is a hadith having five requirements of a sahih hadith as mentioned earlier. The only difference is that in hadith sahih sahih lizatihi, the memory is said to be perfect, but in hadith hasan lizatihi, the memory is said to be almost perfect. Hadith hasan Ligairihi Hadith Hasan Ligairihi is a da`if (weak) hadith, if there is more than one and the cause is weak then there is no cause for deception. [Mahmoud At Tahan: 1979: 51]. The fourth type of hadith is the maqbul hadith that can be used as legal evidence according to the majority of scholars. Four types of hadith above, hadith daif does not have the conditions as sahih lizathi, sahih ligairihi, hasan lizatihi and hasan ligairihi so it is classified as hadith mardudu (rejected) rather than the law of proof.

Result and DiscussioN 

The town hall of the American Muslim scholars AlGhazaly can be substituted as the second source of hadith law after the Quran. Looking from the narrator's narration, AlGhazaly divided the narrators into 2 categories, namely:

Mutawatir Hadith Mutawatir 

As a language, isim fail tawatur means that attatabu is an outfit. In terms of hadith scholars, muttawatir is a hadith widely followed by its hadith of infallibility. [Mahmud At Hold: 1979: 18]. 

 AlGhazaly does not give definition of Muttawatir hadith but gives 4 conditions to complete Muttawatir hadith: 

 a) Issued on the basis of belief, without presumption. enough for the body, the narrator's stake is counted at one tier, if the cleric khalaf descends from the clerical salaf, at the same period but unsatisfactory, each generation is different from the others. 

 b) Minimum standard of hadith storytellers 

 AlGhazaly in question hadith mutawatir does not specify a minimum number of hadith storytellers to be used as a requirement, but hadith storytellers must be polysemy and based tradition where it is impossible to say '"they can lie.[AlGazaly: II: tt:138] 

 From the above description, it can be concluded that the hadith mutawwatir according to AlGhazaly is a hadith spread by many according to the custom of them who cannot accept The lies that Al Ghazaly did do not specify the number of narrators, but enough if the hadith is narrated by many people and feels that they do not agree to lie, then the hadith is called hadith mutatawatir.Ahad Hadith 

Ahad word is many from one is one. Khabar wahid is khabar delivered by one person. Al-Ghazaly gives definition ahad hadith, know that we meant with khabar ahad into this spoke is hadith not until degree mutawatir hadith the result believeness. [Al-Gazaly: II: t.t: 145] 

Hadith which delivered by five or six person is included into ahad hadith. As for practicing ahad hadith is an obligation because there is sure dalil which requires practice when there is zan (supposition) that toward to rightness. AlGhazaly says that ahad hadith can be practiced. 

In moeslem khazanah many hadith spread more than less one hundred books contents hadists- rasullulah saw, although no all can made as hujjah or dalil into fixed one law. Moeslem teachers has choosen which hadith accepted as law dalil and rejected. In Hadith knowledge terms there are maqbul hadith(accepted) and hadith mardud(rejected) the following this research say maqbul theory hadist according Al-Ghazaly view:

Classification hadits according to Al-Ghazaly can made became 3 big descriptions is:

1) Hadith must accept the truth (mayajibu tasdiqu), the forms of hadith taken for granted are: The god of Muttawatir uses the science of recycling, all relics of Muttawatir that are maqbul hadiths must be accepted and preserved. exist. [Nawir Yuslem: 2001: 207]. 

a) Khabar 

 Allah is given to the Prophet Muhammad. In scientific terms of hadith, known as hadith qudsy, hadith qudsy is something that Allah gave him to a prophet with inspiration and a dream, after which a prophet conveys the meaning of inspiration or dream with the present manifestation or alone. c) News from the Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet Muhammad was an honest man and could not accept miracles if he lied. News about the Prophet Muhammad also did not escape the situation of taking the message of impunity to Muslims from the Quran and Hadiths. 

b) Khabar was photographed by many people because it was explained by the Prophet Muhammad that many people do not lie. But it was not the Prophet Muhammad and Allah who honestly vouched for them. e) Any sayings about the dress of Allah and Hasist of Khabar 

 for Muslims are equitably accepted. 

c) Every news that reaches the prophet Muhammad, he hears it, he forgets it and he remains silent. If that news is of course a lie, then the Prophet Muhammad did not keep silent, scientifically the holiness is known as the hadith anxiety. The mute prophet Muhammad will lie and he will have to tell him about the times and the known things. 

d) Each Khabar was approved by a group of pilgrims, while according to tradition, if there is a new lie they should not be silenced, these hadiths were kept together by the group, although this hadith was to the knowledge of the pilgrims, Al Ghazaly accepted as a legal argument. 

e) Al-Ghazaly said so. `` Actually, when he says that the Prophet Muhammad said he delivered the maqah, his hadith is acceptable. , because siqah does not lie. So hadith daif in terms of the science of hadith, he used it as a legal argument. AlGhazaly performs ijtihad, there is no valid hadith as a law, but it is complete from hadith to instructions of AlGhazaly hadith, when the dissemination of hadith is true or siqah, the hadith is applied as the law of hadith.

2) Hadith known as binding (ma yu`lamu kazibuhu). Formation of healing Hadith 

 a) Hadith contradicts logic, careful thinking, five bodies in reality or tawatur khabar. 

 b) Verses contrary to the following texts are the Quran, stories of idols with transformations and Muslim consensus. 

 c) Hadith is rejected by many, a habit that cannot make them liars. d) Hadith is not transmitted by many people. 

 3. Hadith whose truth is not known or whose liars (ma la yu` lamu sidquhu wa la kizbuhu) are those who are involved in Islamic law and worship whose law has no law or is not. known, so she has no rights. Arguments like this give us tawaqquf. Thus, AlGhazaly's commentary, Hadith, unknown truth or binding ghost, ist la yu lamu sidquhu) is an antagonism between an unregistered hadith. Opponents of AlGhazaly find a solution by performing aljam'u wa taufiq, and if that is not possible, perform the second and third mansukh nasikh by performing tarjih. In al-Mankhul he says that the stages of tarjih are: 

 1) Study nasikh and mansukh 

 2) Choose a coarser hadith siqah 

 3) Choose more storytellers 

 4) Choose a supported hadith by the prophet's experience of a companion of Muhammad 

 5) Hadith chosen, supported by my experience 

 6) Hadith chosen, supported by Quran 

 7) Hadith chosen select supported by qiyas 

 8) selected hadith, supported by ihtiyat 

 9) selected hadith, the sentence isbat content from the content of the sentence. 

 If the steps have been followed, this is also not possible with the tarjih, so move on. (not contradicting the second hadith). The theory says that AlGhazaly is different from Shafi`yah group and Malikiyah's effort, it is second aljamuwaattaufiq so if path is not possible then do second path, namely Nasikh Mansukh then Tawaquf. [Nasrun Haroen: 1997:178] 

 After analysis, the expression enhanced by AlGhazaly can be understood that hadith maqbul is: 

 Mutawatir Hadith, held by many people and based on logic or habit, their will is unable to agree to binding. The definition of hadith mutawatir according to Alghazaly and most teachers is the same and there are also those who argue that hadith mutawatir is a hadith maqbul that must be kept in order to fulfill obligations.

Other muttawatir hadiths, that is, those that comply with obligations, including the condition that they must be mucarups, orthodox churches, and Muslims to give hadiths. And other conditions mentioned by Teacher's Town Hall, like Muttasil rather than Syaz, Berlilia, Al-Ahazaly, are not mentioned. Muttasil means a person who has been asked to receive hadith directly from the narrator. From the last Sanad to the end, and to the Prophet Muhammad, is the source of the hadith. According to AlGhazaly, hadiths that damage Sanad, such as Munkati, Mudal, Muarak, Mudalas, and other McBull hadiths, are also different from Ulama. Hadiths aren't continuing, they're not real, they're McBull hadiths. The theory advocated by Al Ghazary is very easy to express because it does or does not meet the needs of the parties involved. However, most of the donors had to be proven through biographical studies and provided hadith. Your facts are never presented as a legal argument. 

 Shaz means against others against stronger or stronger Siqah. Looking at the definition of syaz above, we can see that hadith, not syaz, is hadith and its content does not compete with other more powerful siqah. 

"Shame and ugliness are hadiths that look real at first glance, but if you study their elements carefully, you can eliminate the following elements: The narrator tells the hadith about Shake, in fact, he. Has never met Shake. He gave a hadith cake to a friend. Hadith nad or Matane (content) Bad things can happen. 

So in hadith maqbul, AlGhazaly does not need to be intentional. According to most teachers, hadith is not strictly mandatory, issued by upright people, dabit, muttasil, by syaz and pagans, hence hadith is part of hadith and cannot follow proof legitimacy of the establishment. Therefore, it is easier to confirm the hadith maqbul given by Al-Ghazaly than most other opinions, hence the hadith maqbul according to Ghazaly is hadith sahih and hadith da`if. 

 8. Hadiths are accepted with peg and siqah, and hadiths are allowed and followed by everyone in the group, hadiths are accepted with pegs and siqah, and hadiths are followed by everyone, it is not a study of that. this, because if stock and siqahs or assembly or binding can. 

 Al Ghazaly is an installation and a writer who analyzes issues of Sufism, Fiqh, monotheism and ethics. Sufism is the governing body of knowledge, but the "law" of Sufism is not hadith. These relics prove the honest assumption from the Sufi point of view that every hadith belongs to the Prophet Muhammad and they reflect all the traditions accepted by the hadiths.alMustafa min `ilml alUsul can be abbreviated, but basically" it's a duty. Even if one day you can't lie and make mistakes, we'll do the right thing. "[AlGazaly: AlMustafa: II: 233] 

Hadith assigned to Algazary. Mazur to refer to everyone, either hadith or person or several or master (hidden). Al Ghazaly is no longer investigating what is happening, as everything has been submitted to the judge. 

 Ghazalie's attitude is correct. Because he is a member of Tasauf to please Allah. He has not studied the corresponding hadith in Al Ghazary's book. He is the Javahill al-Quran and never says that this has nothing to do with the competent knowledge of the hadith. [Imam al Gazaly: Science from the perspective of Sufism al Gazali: 58].

example 

1.Order to joint heirs 

On Principly of wasyiat to the joint heirs may not permitted, because he has part particularly as hadith, although if the joint heirs permitted, wasyiat to joint heirs permitted, because any hadith :mean from ibn abbas has says prophet Muhammad so .no permitted wasyiat to the joint heirs except ahli waris to permitted except the other joint heirs permitted 

Al-Ghazalys opinion different with ulamas mayority no permitted wasyiat to the joint heirs. Ahli waris has part to determined. some arguments ulamas mayority about may not give prosperous to the ahli waris five hadis except, Nasa`i is "from Aby Umamah, has says, I have heard prophet Muhammad said, actually Allah has given each people have right s itno to joint heirs. This Hadith part of hasan hadith made dalil may not give wasyiat to joint heirs. This hadith also nasakh (law lost) ayat one hundred and eigty surat al-Baqarah is: 

"Bequest is prescribed for you when death approaches one of you, if he leaves behind welth for perents and near relatives, according to usage, a duty (incumbent) upon those who guard (against evil).(Q.S.Al-Baqarah/2:180). 

2. Nisfu Syaban asks Al Ghazaly to pray number 

 in his book Ihya '' Ulum adDin says that the prayer on the night of nisfu sya'ban and on the night of rajab is sunnah. Nisfu Syaban argues that there are 30 who represent al hasan. seventy kinds of requirements, wonderful rules. (AlGazaly: Ihya`, I: 203) Town Hall 

 Scholars claim that the hadith above is a weak hadith and should not be used as evidence to establish law. Ibn aljauzy of the Book of al Maudu'at says that the path associated with the nighttime prayer of nisfu syaban is maudu' (false god). 

 Imam Nawawi is a school of Shafi'i scholars saying he is a scholar that Shafi'i school says whoever prays Rajab and Nisfu Sha'ban is heresy and evil. About the expression: "Salat est ar-ragaib is famous for the twelve rak'ah prayer performed between dusk and Isha` on the first Friday of the Rajab month and making the Nisfu Shaban prayer a hundred cycles. period, the second time do. crazy and wicked cult. (AnNawawi: Majmu`: III: 125 126) 

 Muhammad Syata` advertises Dimyaty in his book Ianah atTalibin and says: part of the deeds and bad things, the sins of the author and ulil amri to serve Activity and Argaib are twelve raka'at prayers made between Maghrib and Isha'. The first Friday of the month of Rajab and the Hundred Raka'at Nisfu Shaban prayer and the seventeenth Friday of the month of Ramadan with the variable expression Ashura prayer on wednesday rak'ah is bid'ah (heretical).

5. 

 Conclusion 

 AlGhazali is a great mujtahid-like syafi`i school. Like Ulama's town hall, Ulama AlGazali, views on hadith rules. Second Quran. Although the theories or methods and hasiths established by the law of proof according to al-Ghazali (maqbul) are hasiths muttawatir, sahih hadiths, hasan hasiths and also hasiths, while hasiths are not only accepted by everyone .

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