Building the Foundation of Educational Management Research Methodology

Research methodology in educational management is a crucial foundation for producing valid, objective, and useful studies. Without a clear methodology, research can easily lose direction and become difficult to justify. Therefore, understanding the theoretical foundations of quantitative research, the specific characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative studies, as well as the types of research based on paradigm and data analysis, is essential. With this foundation, research contributes not only to the enrichment of theory but also to practical solutions for the field of education. 

First :Quantitative research is rooted in the positivist paradigm, which emphasizes measurement, numbers, and causal relationships. Theory plays a central role as the basis for formulating hypotheses that can be empirically tested. Data are usually collected through surveys, questionnaires, or experiments and then analyzed statistically. The main goal is to generate findings that can be generalized to a broader population. A strong theoretical foundation allows quantitative research to address educational problems with objective and measurable evidence. 

Second : Quantitative research is objective, systematic, and structured. Research instruments are designed from the beginning and rarely change, making the process more rigid but consistent. Representative sampling is crucial so that findings can be generalized. Data analysis relies on descriptive and inferential statistics to identify correlations or causal effects between variables. The validity and reliability of instruments are key elements that ensure research results are accurate and trustworthy, serving as a strong basis for decision-making in education. 

Third :In contrast, qualitative research is based on the constructivist paradigm, focusing on meaning, subjective experiences, and processes. Data are collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis. The researcher becomes the main instrument, engaging directly with the field. Data analysis is inductive, where patterns, concepts, and theories emerge from the data itself. The design is flexible and may evolve depending on field conditions. This approach is particularly suitable for exploring complex and dynamic educational phenomena.

Fourth :Research in education can be categorized into quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Quantitative approaches stress generalization and objectivity, while qualitative approaches highlight depth and contextual understanding. Mixed methods combine the strengths of both to provide more comprehensive results. Data analysis in quantitative research uses statistical formulas, while qualitative research may involve thematic, narrative, or grounded theory analysis. The choice of methodology should align with research objectives to ensure relevance and accuracy. 

Building the foundation of research methodology in educational management is vital for producing meaningful studies. Quantitative research offers objectivity, while qualitative research provides depth of understanding. Each has strengths and limitations that can be complemented through mixed methods. With the right methodology, research not only enriches theory but also delivers practical solutions for real problems in schools and educational institutions. Cultivating a strong research culture will make education more adaptive, innovative, and competitive in facing future challenges. 

This work is written based on the Teaching Module Part 3 Building the Foundation of Educational Management Research Methodology Research by Prof. Dr. H. Ahmad Rusdiana. Drs., M.M.

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CURICULUM VITAE Dadan Rizkya S