Salsabila Vonny Amalia A., Alayda Af'idatun Nisa, Elistian Putri Venanda, Muhammad Farrel In'am S., Asfachanizma Trijuliana, Rizki Maulidia, Nur Faizah, Sundahri*
Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jember
Corresponding author: Sundahri.faperta@unej.ac.id
The prevention of mechanical contamination during the production of rice seeds is a critical factor in maintaining genetic purity and ensuring high-quality yields. Strategies for addressing this issue center on meticulous management practices, genetic testing, and innovative technological methods.
Mechanical contamination refers to the inadvertent introduction of foreign seeds, plant debris, or genetic materials into the rice seed production process, which can compromise purity and quality. Factors contributing to such contamination range from agricultural practices to logistical issues in seed handling, storage, and transport (Ghoreyshi et al., 2022; Kim & Lee, 2021). For instance, the genetic integrity of rice seeds can be jeopardized through processes such as self-pollination or cross-pollination with weedy rice species, which can significantly impact cultivated rice fields (Huang et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2023). Therefore, implementing rigorous control measures at each phase of the seed-production cycle is imperative.
One effective strategy for preventing mechanical contamination is through careful seed selection and management practices during nursery operations. The selection of high-quality seeds should incorporate stringent criteria regarding germination rates, absence of mechanical damage, and genetic purity, as the efficacy of hybrid rice production significantly relies on these parameters (SHASHIBHUSHAN et al., 2022). Additionally, utilizing a decision-support model tailored to specific environmental conditions can optimize performance and further mitigate contamination risks (-, 2023).
Genetic purity tests, particularly during various stages from breeding to hybrid release, are essential to prevent contamination in seed lots. Techniques such as the use of microsatellite markers provide reliable means for assessing hybrid purity. These methods allow for rapid and efficient detection of genetic discrepancies without the need for lengthy grow-out tests, thus ensuring swift quality assurance (Adiredjo et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2021). Molecular techniques are becoming increasingly important, as they enable the identification of genetic characteristics associated with seed robustness and vigor (Zhang et al., 2023).
Furthermore, advancements in technology offer innovative solutions for ensuring seed quality and purity. Hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a prominent tool for assessing seed purity, providing non-destructive analysis that can identify genetic variations and potential contaminants (Liu et al., 2021). Moreover, the introduction of precision agriculture techniques, including automated seed metering devices capable of precise spatial arrangement during sowing, is instrumental in minimizing mechanical mixtures and ensuring uniform cropping patterns (SONG et al., 2023; DanQing et al., 2021).
Environmental factors also play a substantial role in maintaining the purity of rice seeds. Improving practices in crop rotation, land preparation, and irrigation management can decrease the incidence of wild rice contamination (Tian et al., 2024). Additionally, controlled storage conditions that mitigate seed deterioration are crucial for maintaining seed viability and genetic integrity over time (T. et al., 2023; (Fitriani et al., 2021). Ensuring that seeds are stored in optimal environments will preserve their quality and prevent cross-contamination between different rice varieties.
The integration of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in rice seed bioinvigoration holds promise for enhancing seed resilience to mechanical shock, thereby potentially reducing quality loss during harvesting and processing (Fitriani et al., 2021). Such biological approaches not only enhance seed growth but can also provide a natural barrier against potential contaminants, aligning with sustainable agricultural practices.
In summary, the rigorous prevention of mechanical contamination in rice seed production is achievable through a multifaceted approach incorporating meticulous agricultural practices, advanced genetic testing, and emerging technological solutions. Enhanced awareness among farmers, supported by research and development, can significantly bolster efforts to achieve high genetic purity and quality in rice seeds. Notably, the integration of these strategies safeguards the genetic integrity of rice seeds and contributes to the broader objectives of food security and sustainable agricultural development globally.