Translation is the process of converting written or spoken text from one language SL into another language TL, while maintaining the text meaning, style and tone of the original text as much as possible. When we're talking about translation, it cannot be separated from language which is part of Humanities.Â
The Humanities Science Cluster is a scientific cluster that examines and explores human values and human thoughts. And we will be talking about The Arabic, which is a language that has the most attributes. Apart from being the guiding language for Muslims, namely the Koran and Hadith, Arabic is also the national language spoken by approximately 25 countries based in the Middle East Region, so that Arabic is the official language of the United Nations (UN) and also language of socio-cultural heritage.
After the spread of Islam outside the Arabian Peninsula, Arabic underwent a development that not only became the local language, but became a language link for new areas occupied by Islamic rule. During the time of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Malik bin Marwan, Arabic had a role as the official language and the language of government administration. The Umayyad is classified as having strong fanaticism towards their ethnicity and kinship. Therefore, areas that had been influenced by Persian, Qibtian, and Roman as administrative languages in the past were replaced by Arabic.
Then after the Umayyad caliphate was replaced by the Abbasids. Arabic has a role in the "intellectualization" movement over the policies of the caliph Hrn al-Rashd and his son, Al-Ma'mn. At this time Islamic Civilization achieved extraordinary success which was caused by the socio-cultural interaction and thought between Muslims and several other nations, especially the nations of the former Roman Empire, namely Syria, Turkey, Palestine, Jordan and Persia which inherited various knowledges. The caliph as the leader at that time, also instructed the large-scale translation movement. This movement did not only involve Human Resources and objects of translation studies from Muslims, but also non-Muslims. So that many new thoughts and science developed at this time which became the forerunner of today's science and technology.
The Golden age
During the Abbasid Caliphate, Islamic civilization was marked by rapid developments in the fields of religion, science, philosophy, culture and literature. At this time the Abbasids succeeded in preparing the foundation for the development of philosophy and science in Islam.Â
Not only in the field of science, the Abbasids also achieved gold in the political field and also the level of social prosperity reached the highest rank. Apart from that the Abbasids had an extraordinary capital city, Baghdad had a strategic geographical layout which was between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers which gave it the advantage of fertile territory and being a crossroads of world trade. Since its inception, Baghdad has become a center of civilization and science. At that time there were many science enthusiasts from all over the world who flocked to the city to study. And even this city became the highest center of civilization and culture in the world at that time.
The success of this Movement was also supported by the support of the Caliph who utilized his property and wealth for social purposes. One of them is the holding of magnificent facilities, namely the Bait al-Hikmah or The House of Wisdom as a center for research, translation and education. It was also at this time that the Caliph instructs a large-scale Translation Movement. There were various philosophical works from Greece and the works of scientists from Persia and India studied and translated into Arabic. Among the books translated at that time were al-Tasyrh (Dissection) by Jalinus, al-Handasah (Architecture) by Plato, al-Majesti by Ptolemios, and al-Sam wa al-lam by Aristotle.Â
