New Dimensions in Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodology and Techniques

Shiva Nur Rahmawati /5th Semester Student/D Department of Islamic Education Management,Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University, Bandung

Current developments in research indicate an increasing need for valid and reliable scientific methods. However, many researchers still do not understand the differences between quantitative and qualitative techniques and how to apply them appropriately. This gap causes problems in the quality of research results. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the methodologies and techniques of quantitative and qualitative research so that researchers can produce accurate and meaningful data.

First, research data and variables are key components in scientific research. Quantitative data is in the form of numbers, while qualitative data is in the form of narratives that describe meaning. Variables are used to measure differences between objects with independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating types. Measurements are carried out using nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. For accurate research results, valid instruments are needed to measure concepts and provide reliable and consistent results.

Second, population and sample are important bases for determining the validity of research results. The population includes all elements that have certain characteristics, while the sample is the part that represents it. Sampling is done using probability or non-probability techniques according to the needs of the research. Data is collected through instruments such as questionnaires, observations, interviews, tests, and documentation. Before use, each instrument needs to be tested and validated so that it can measure the research variables accurately and consistently.

Third, data collection techniques consist of complementary quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative approach uses questionnaires, tests, and documentation to obtain measurable data, while the qualitative approach uses interviews, observations, and document analysis to understand phenomena in depth. Data accuracy is maintained through triangulation, instrument testing, enumerator training, and systematic documentation. In addition, research ethics must be applied so that data management is carried out responsibly, fairly, and transparently.

Fourth, data analysis is conducted to understand the relationships and influences between variables. Correlation is used to see the closeness of relationships, such as Pearson for continuous data and Spearman or Kendall for ordinal data. Meanwhile, simple and multiple regression analyze the extent to which independent variables influence dependent variables. The results of the analysis are then interpreted in depth through narratives, tables, and graphs so that the research findings are clearer and easier to understand.

This study emphasizes the importance of data, variables, and analysis techniques in producing accurate findings. Data collection is carried out quantitatively and qualitatively with valid and reliable instruments. Through correlation and regression analysis, the relationships and influences between variables can be understood in depth, producing meaningful and accountable conclusions.

This article is a review of Part VI (Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods and Techniques) from the teaching materials for the Management Research Methods course, taught by Prof. Dr. H. A Rusdiana, M.M (https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/121673) 

Cv Shiva Nur Rahmawati