Understanding The Foundations Of Research Methodology in Educational Manajemen

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In theory, the research methodology is a framework that guides researchers in designing, doing, and analyzing research regularly. Philosophical foundations such as the paradigm of positivism, interpretive, or critical are the basis in choosing a quantitative, qualitative, or combined research approach of the two. National policy through higher education rules emphasizes the importance of research based on strong methodology, because the quality of methodology affects the quality of policy recommendations. However, there are still significant differences between understanding of research techniques (such as surveys or interviews) and understanding of research methodology (ie philosophical and strategic frameworks).

Understanding of the nature of the positivistic paradigm
First the nature of the positivistic paradigm places research as a scientific process that must be subject to objective, empirical, and measurable rules carried out by controlling variables, measuring symptoms, and using standard instruments to obtain measurable results andcan be replicated
Both basic assumptions of quantitative research
This approach emphasizes objective measurements, standardized data collection, and the use of statistical analysis to test hypotheses or explain a phenomenon. Quantitative research is often used to study the relationships between variables, measure frequencies, or identify patterns in certain populations
Third The theory, hypothesis, and variable relationships in quantitative research,
Theory acts as a conceptual framework that explains phenomena. The theory of giving birth to a hypothesis, which is a temporary suspicion of inter -variable relationships. Furthermore, the hypothesis is tested through the variable that is operated into the indicator
preparation
The four roles of instruments and measurement of instruments are important stages that cannot be ignored. "The validity and reliability of the instrument is the key so that the measurement in quantitative research produces accurate and trustworthy data."
The special characteristics in quantitative research are
Special Characteristics of Quantitative Research Quantitative research has a characteristic that distinguishes it from other approaches this section discusses the main aspects that shape the identity of quantitative research in scientific practices. Such as: (main purpose: testing hypotheses, measuring variables, explaining causal relationships) (quantitative research procedures (experimental design, surveys, ex post facto) (numerical data analysis and statistical use) (advantages and limitations of quantitative research)
Special characteristics of qualitative research
This section describes the main characteristics of qualitative research that distinguishes it from quantitative research
First the interpretive and constructivistic paradigm of the interpretive paradigm emphasizes that social reality is not single objective, but is formed from social interaction
Both focus on the meaning, process, and in -depth understanding of the main characteristic of qualitative research is the focus on the meaning that is lived by participants, not just symptoms that can be measured
Third Data Collection Techniques (Interviews, Participant Observation, Documents) Qualitative Research Using Flexible and Naturalistic Data Collection Techniques
The four qualitative research validity is measured through credibility, transferability, and authenticity, even though it is limited in generalization. "
Types of research are distinguished by paradigm and data analysis techniques
used quantitative research emphasizes measurements, hypothesis tests, and statistics, while qualitative research focuses on meaning, process, and context. Mixed-Methods Research combines both approaches to provide comprehensive understanding. This section discusses the types of quantitative, qualitative research, mixed methods, and comparison of data analysis techniques