The development of science and technology has triggered various studies to respond to real issues in society. Each study is based on the assumption that each approach has a different paradigm and framework of thinking in understanding reality. However, there is still a gap between the theory studied and research practice in the field, which often causes obstacles in designing valid studies. This material aims to bridge this gap by providing an understanding of the paradigms, axioms, and concepts of quantitative and qualitative research, so that students are able to select, organize, and conduct research in accordance with academic and practical objectives.
