Literature Review Vs. Systematic Review: Key Differences Explained

A systematic review is a structured and rigorous research method used to synthesize existing studies on a specific research question. It follows a predefined methodology to collect, analyze, and interpret findings in a transparent and reproducible manner.

Characteristics of a Systematic Review

1. Predefined Protocol: Researchers establish inclusion and exclusion criteria before beginning the review process.

2. Comprehensive Search Strategy: A systematic review includes an exhaustive search across multiple databases to ensure all relevant studies are considered.

3. Objective Analysis: The review process minimizes bias by using standardized methods for data extraction and analysis.

4. Quantitative or Qualitative Approach: Systematic reviews may include meta-analyses, where statistical techniques combine data from multiple studies.

Steps in Conducting a Systematic Review

1. Define the Research Question: A well-structured question helps in determining the scope and focus of the review.

2. Develop a Protocol: Establish inclusion/exclusion criteria, search strategies, and data extraction methods.

3. Conduct a Comprehensive Literature Search: Search multiple databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

4. Screen and Select Studies: Use criteria to filter relevant studies from the search results.

5. Extract and Analyze Data: Synthesize findings using qualitative or quantitative methods.

6. Report Findings: Present results in a structured format, including discussions and conclusions.

Key Differences Between Literature Review and Systematic Review