Frankl, V. E. (1946). Man's Search for Meaning. Boston: Beacon Press.
 -- For the assertion that meaning arises not from wholeness but from the endurance of lack.
Hegel, G. W. F. (1807). The Phenomenology of Spirit. Bamberg and Wrzburg: Joseph Anton Goebhardt.
 -- The philosophical root of dialectical development through contradiction and incompleteness.
Becker, E. (1973). The Denial of Death. New York: Free Press.
 -- On the psychological foundation of human vanity and the fear of finitude.
Lacan, J. (1977). crits: A Selection. New York: Norton.
 -- For the psychoanalytic concept of manque--tre --- the constitutive lack that defines subjectivity and desire.
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