By Ripa Siti Maulidah /5th Semester Student/D Department of Islamic Education Management,
Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University, Bandung
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Study scientific need runway conceptual and methodologically sound in order to be able to produce valid and meaningful findings. This article discuss four component main , namely draft base study quantitative and qualitative, formulation problems and concepts , constructs and indicators , and phenomena , data, and variables as runway scientific .
First : Main Concepts of Quantitative and Qualitative Research, Quantitative , based on the positivist paradigm, emphasizing the principles of objectivity, number-based measurements, and structured patterns of relationships between variables, in order to test hypotheses, reveal causal relationships, and achieve generalizations. While qualitative , Based on the constructivist paradigm, it highlights meaning, lived experiences, and the dynamics of social interactions through techniques such as intensive interviews, participant observation, or document analysis. This paradigm and axioms facilitate the development of a coherent and purposeful research design, serving as a philosophical foundation that guides the study's orientation. Quantitative methodological approaches emphasize validity and reliability to ensure the accuracy of measurement instruments and the stability of results , while qualitative approaches employ triangulation (of sources, methods, and theories) along with openness to data to validate findings. as a main pillar of scientific accountability.
Second : Problems and Concepts Study , In the research process, problem identification is the first step that determines the direction of the research, so that research is only valuable if the problem chosen is specific, relevant, and can be explored in a structured manner. Definition Conceptual definitions provide a theory-based description of key elements, linking real-world phenomena to a theoretical framework. As an application, operational definitions describe mechanisms for measuring or observing these concepts to link theoretical and applied aspects, thus facilitating evidence-based research. The relationship between problems and concepts ensures that the chosen issue is explained through appropriate conceptual elements, creating a solid theoretical and empirical foundation for research.
Third : Constructs and Indicators , Constructs serve as a conceptual foundation that facilitates researchers in optimally connecting abstract ideas from theory with empirical evidence . Indicators refer to measurable variables that indicate the presence or level of a construct, provided that the indicator remains clear, specific, and consistent with its conceptual definition. Operationalization involves breaking down indicators into practical tools ready for use in data collection. Indicator validity is an important factor in ensuring that the measurement process is not only stable but also accurately represents the target construct.
Fourth: Phenomena , Data, and Variables , Phenomena are the starting point for research because, through observing reality, researchers can identify problems, formulate concepts, and develop hypotheses that form the basis of scientific investigation. Phenomena serve as a bridge between empirical reality and the theories that interpret it. Based on these phenomena, data is collected as initial material that is processed using specific methodologies to generate new knowledge. In the context of quantitative research, variables play a crucial role in analyzing causal relationships, enabling logical and objective explanations of the interactions between phenomena.
Study quantitative and qualitative play mutual roles complete in interpret reality scientific . Both based on paradigms, concepts , and methodologies that emphasize validity as well as connection between phenomena , data, and variables, so that produce valid, meaningful , and feasible findings accountable in a way scientific .
This article is review from Part V ( Paradigms , Axioms , and Concepts Specifically for Quantitative and Qualitative Research) from subject teaching materials Research Methods course Management , Supervisor eye lecture by Prof. Dr. H. A Rusdiana, MM (https://digilib.uinsgd.ac.id/id/eprint/121673)
