Explore The number of Differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Reality Study
Ripa Siti Maulidah / 5th Semester Student-D / Islamic Education Management Study Program / Faculty Education and Teaching / UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung/ Undergraduate Level
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Foreword
the Research Methods course . Sourced management from notes lectures and summaries material . This article This paper outlines the fundamentals of research methodology in educational management, in line with the global paradigm shift that increasingly prioritizes complex approaches such as mixed methods. In Indonesia, the challenge of a lack of understanding of methodology requires an in-depth study of the quantitative (objective and generalizable) and qualitative (subjective with an emphasis on holistic meaning) paradigms. The discussion covers basic assumptions, characteristics, advantages, and limitations, as well as practical implications for program evaluation and case studies, in order to produce strategic research that impacts education policy. Hopefully this article can provide benefits for both the writer and the student readers. capable select and apply methodologies according to educational problems.
First: Research quantitative based on assumptions positivistic , which views reality as entity objective , stable , and reliable measured , with emphasis on generalization , validity , and analysis statistics For test hypothesis and relationship causal in a way structured . On the other hand , research qualitative highlight analysis deep to the process, meaning subjective , and context experience through description narrative inductive , while maintain characteristic phenomenon field . Difference This covers ontology , epistemology , axiology , and methodology , including determinism and evaluation empirical numerical (Cohen, 1980; Sugiyono ). Research quantitative superior in identify law general and universal patterns , while study qualitative focus on understanding holistic .
Second: Characteristics : Quantitative research is deductive, structured, and number-based, with problem formulation from theory to hypothesis, data from surveys/experiments, valid and reliable instruments, and statistical analysis for generalization and causality. On the other hand, qualitative research is inductive, flexible, and narrative, emphasizing the exploration of meaning through interviews/observations, the researcher as instrument, triangulation for validity, and thematic analysis. In educational management, these two types of research complement each other : research quantitative measure achievement , while study qualitative understand dynamics . Combining both of them through method mixture enrich validity and relevance practical .
Third: Strengths and Limitations: Quantitative research excels in objectivity, precise measurement, and generalizability of results through statistical analysis, making it suitable for evaluating educational policy (Kerlinger). However, this research tends to be reductive, ignores deeper context, and lacks flexibility (Denzin & Lincoln). In contrast, qualitative research excels in capturing meaning, experience, and social dynamics holistically (Patton), but is prone to subjectivity, is difficult to generalize, and requires time (Silverman). In management education , understanding This support election approach in accordance with objective or method mixture For valid and practical results .
Fourth: Implications of Research Paradigms in Educational Management Research , Quantitative paradigms are relevant for evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs through objective numerical data, while qualitative paradigms excel in exploring social dynamics, leadership, and case contexts in depth (Gay et al.; Yin). Mixed methods combine both for comprehensive understanding (Creswell). Students need to apply this in their research proposals to ensure alignment with objectives and methodologies (Sugiyono). Qualitative research is crucial because it reveals complex managerial realities, provides in-depth analysis, offers diverse perspectives from participants, and adapts to the changing dynamics in education (Creswell; Raco; Sugiarti et al.; Bush & Mulyasa).
 Understanding research methodology in educational management is crucial amidst the increasingly complex global paradigm, including the application of mixed methods, to address literacy challenges in Indonesia. The quantitative paradigm offers objectivity and the ability to generalize through statistical data processing, while the qualitative paradigm offers a deeper understanding of holistic meaning through an inductive approach. The characteristics, advantages, and limitations of both paradigms complement each other, with practical applications for evaluating programs, analyzing case studies, and formulating policies. This integration of approaches ensures strategic and contextual research, making it easier for students to choose the right methodology to optimally address educational problems.
