The phenomenon currently developing in the research world shows that the quality of research results is greatly influenced by the clarity of paradigms, axioms, and the concepts used as foundations. Paradigms provide direction and a framework of thinking, axioms present basic beliefs that serve as a footing, while specific concepts such as variables, constructs, indicators, and analytical methods become important instruments in producing research that is valid, reliable, and meaningful. However, in practice, there are often gaps, such as incomplete understanding, improper use of methods, and inconsistencies between theory and research practice. The assumption is that if paradigms, axioms, and research concepts in quantitative and qualitative research are well-managed through clear problem formulation, precise measurement, and systematic analysis, the quality of research will significantly improve and can be scientifically accountable. The purpose of this material is to provide a deep understanding of paradigms, axioms, and specific concepts in quantitative and qualitative research, so that researchers can use them as references to produce scholarly work that is consistent, credible, and relevant to the development of knowledge.
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