The phenomenon emerging in the understanding of information systems shows that the quality of data and information management is highly influenced by a correct understanding of facts, data, and information. The assumption is that if facts are understood as verified objective realities, data is well-managed, and information is processed into meaningful knowledge, decision-making will be more accurate and effective. However, in reality, there is often confusion and inaccuracy in distinguishing between facts, data, and information, resulting in misinterpretation and suboptimal decisions. Thus, there exists a gap between the ideal concepts in theory and practical understanding frequently observed in various fields, including education and organizations. The aim of this material is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the basic concepts of facts, data, and information along with their quality, serving as a reference for improving knowledge management and decision-making skills. The following is a detailed explanation of these concepts:
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