The Importance of Quality Facts, Data, and Information in Developing an Education Information System.
By: Dianing Banyu Asih
Master's Student in Islamic Education Management
Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University, Bandung
A. Basic Concepts of Facts
The Basic Insights into Information Systems material explains the basic concepts of facts, data, information, and the scope of information quality that form the foundation for the development of educational management information systems. Facts are understood as anything that can be perceived by the human senses and proven to be true. In science, facts are the results of objective and verifiable observations, unlike opinions. Scientific facts can be accurate descriptions of real events, such as the properties of magnets or the shape of water droplets. Facts can give rise to concepts, principles, laws, and even theories that explain phenomena and connect variables. Theories serve to summarize facts, predict events, narrow the scope of study, and clarify gaps in knowledge. The relationship between facts and theories is complementary, in that facts can initiate, update, or even refute a theory.
B. Basic Concepts of Data
Data is understood as raw material or descriptions of objects and events that, once processed, will produce information. Data can take the form of numbers, letters, sounds, images, or other symbols, and is divided into internal and external data. Data classification includes quantitative and qualitative data, which are presented in the form of numbers or words, respectively. As input, data does not yet have meaning, so it needs to be managed in order to be useful.
C. Basic Concepts of Information
Information is the result of data processing, giving it meaning and usefulness in decision making. Information increases knowledge, reduces uncertainty, and helps anticipate the risk of failure. The nature of information places it as an important resource in an organization, on par with other physical resources. The quality of information is determined by its accuracy, relevance, completeness, timeliness, and form of presentation. Accurate and timely information enables managers to make more effective decisions. In addition, the value of information is measured by the benefits it provides compared to the cost of obtaining it. Information is of high value if it is easy to obtain, complete, relevant, clear, flexible, and verifiable.
. Scope of Information Quality
