Articulators can be divided into two types : passive articulators and active articulators. Passive articulators are organs that do not move during sound articulation such as the upper lip, upper teeth and alveolum. The active artiulators moves into the passive articulators to produce sounds. Main artiulators are tongue, uvula and lower jaw (lower teeth and lower lip).
The following are the organs of speech and how they produce sounds.
Lips
They serve for creating different sounds mainly the labial, bilabial and labio dental. Bilabials are produced trough upper and lower lip such as /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/. Labio dental sounds are produced through the upper teeth and lower lip such as /f/ and /v/.
Teeth
They are responsible for creating sounds mainly the labio dental and lingua dental. Lingua dental sounds are produced by placing tongue tip between upper and lower lip such as // and //.
Tongue
Usually, it is divided into different parts : tip, blade, front, back and root. Tongue plays important part in production of almost every speech sounds.
Baca juga: Mengenal Penuturan Arkifonem dalam Kajian Fonologi Bahasa Indonesia
Alveolar Ridge