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Nature

The Restored Ozone Layer of the Earth at the Time of Limitation of Activity

11 Mei 2020   22:50 Diperbarui: 11 Mei 2020   23:06 389
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In the past few months, the world has to be hit by the Covid-19 Virus pandemic. The relatively new virus can spread quickly so that not only is China known as the starting point for its spread, but it also spread to almost all countries in the world. In prevention and treatment, various ways and efforts have to be applied to reduce the number of Coronaviruses. One of them is the application of lockdown and social distancing. That way, the community no longer carries out activities as usual and tends to choose to remain at home according to government protocol.

The policy of social restrictions dramatically affects human life. Factory vehicles and fumes that were previously contributors to pollution are reduced and then become one of the causes of changes in the ozone layer at a better stage. That is good news for everyone, apart from the co-19 pandemic, it has a variety of negative impacts but also has a positive effect on ecosystems.

In general, the ozone layer is a protective shield of the Earth in the stratosphere. Its function is to absorb ultraviolet radiation emitted from the Sun. Without the ozone layer, all creatures on Earth would not be able to survive. Damage to the ozone layer was first detected in mid-1974, when British experts and researchers, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) announced, that the ozone layer above Halley Bay - Antarctica, showing the drastic depletion caused by the chemical reaction of chlorine and nitrogen. The observations at Halley Bay noted that reduction occurred around 30-40% in a decade. Damage to the ozone layer is considered one of the greatest environmental disasters of the century.

The survey also revealed that maintaining the thickness of the ozone layer by reducing or not using materials that can trigger ozone damage. Also, it must measure the width of the ozone layer periodically for preventive action. Naturally, the largest concentration of ozone gas in the atmosphere was found in the stratosphere, which functions to absorb ultraviolet rays from solar radiation, so that its intensity on Earth is low (3% - 9%).

Damage to the ozone layer was first detected in mid-1974, when British experts and researchers, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), announced that the ozone layer above Halley Bay - Antarctica, showed a drastic depletion caused by the chemical reaction of chlorine and nitrogen. The observations at Halley Bay noted that reduction occurred around 30-40% in a decade. Damage to the ozone layer is considered one of the greatest environmental disasters of the century. A researcher from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration believes that the loss of the ozone layer at the north pole began to recognized in 1980. Between 1950 and 1970, the average ozone layer is measure at 300 DU (Dobson Unit). Still, in the October period 1978 to October 1984, the measured ozone layer reached its lowest point of 125 DU (100 DU equivalent to 1 mm thick compressed ozone gas). Furthermore, in October 1987,1989,1990 and 1991, ozone holes measured in the Antarctic region were reduced by 60% compared to the original ozone layer.

Some researchers say the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica continues to experience recovery. Even this ozone improvement has changed the circulation of air in the atmosphere. It affects the atmospheric temperature, weather, the level of rainfall, and can cause changes in sea temperature and salt concentration.

One researcher from the University of Colorado Boulder, Antara Banerjee claimed to use data from satellite observations and climate simulations to detect ozone recovery. Banerjee and his colleagues also model changes in wind patterns related to the improvement of the ozone layer. With that method, Banerjee conveyed ozone recovery in large part thanks to the Montreal Protocol, which was agreed internationally in 1987, which prohibits the production of ozone-depleting substances, such as CFC.

Not only Boulder but also a researcher from the University of Leeds, Martyn Chipperfield, who was not involved in the study, said that he had seen signs that the ozone layer was recovering and said the review was the next step to see its effect. Ozone recovery in climate change.

Some researchers report if the ozone layer, which is above the Antarctic continent, is recovering. This condition occurs because of the reduced use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemicals globally, especially the absence of industrial activity during the corona pandemic.

According to a report from a researcher at the University of Colorado, Boulder, named Antara Banerjee, said if the ozone layer is recovering. It is known based on data from satellite observations and climate simulations, related to atmospheric temperature, weather and rainfall levels. "We found signs of climate change in the southern hemisphere, particularly in the pattern of air circulation," he said.

Ozone recovery is mainly due to the internationally agreed Montreal Protocol in 1987, by banning the production of ozone-depleting substances. Because in the past, the use of CFCs has caused the ozone layer to be damaged. "If we stick to this protocol, the ozone hole is projected to recover. In some areas, that might happen in the coming decades and other places at the end of this century, "In his study, Banerjee explained about the circulation of air streams (jet streams) that occur at latitudes in the southern hemisphere. Earth gradually shift to the South Pole. That happened because of the depletion of the ozone layer globally.

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